Transaction Cost Theory by Oliver E. Williamson [人事2-ｺﾝﾋﾟﾃﾝｼｰ・ｲﾉﾍﾞｰｼｮﾝ]
When we deal with unknown people, we will investigate them before the deal. Even in the internal organization, we do a preparation to pursuade others. This is the transaction cost , which is normally intangible.
This is why there are intraparty factions to save this transaction cost in the politic world.
I think in the business world the shared value in the company works to save this cost in this context.